Internet Censorship Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Everyone has heard of the lucre and how it is going to help set the universe free. The profit is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more(prenominal) and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business everyplace the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction lay eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Unfortunately, there have been numerous attempts lately to censor the Internet. If the Internet is controlled, regulated, restricted, or censored it will have harsh effects on its capabilities.In recent years, Americas economy has become increasingly subject on the need to instantly move large amounts of information across long distances. Computerization has changed everyones life in ways that were never in front possible. The global network of interconnected computers allows people to s end electronic mail messages across the world in the blink of an eye and stay updated on world events as they happen the world has become a much smaller place as a result of this global communication and exchange of ideas. in that location have also become thousands of online communities of people who share common interests through message boards, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists (Wilmott 106). Right now, the Internet is the ultimate materialisation of the first amendment free speech. A place where people can speak their mind without being punished for what they say or how they choose to say it. The Internet owes its incredible worldwide success to its protection of free speech, not scarce in America, but also in countries where freedom of speech is not guaranteed. For some, it is the only place where they can speak their mind without fear of political or religious persecution. (Cyberchaos). The Internet is also one of Americas most valuable types of technology scientists consumption email for quick and easy communication. They post their current scientific discoveries on online newsgroups so other scientists in the same field of study all over the world can know in minutes. Ordinary people use the Internet for communication, expressing their opinions in the newsgroups, obtaining new information from the WWW, downloading all types of media files, or just surf for their own personal enjoyment. User... ...aphy is legal. The solution to keeping kids from getting into inappropriate websites is to monitor their access, use filtering software, and teach them morals. Censoring the Internet can only be offensive to everyone else who uses it. Works CitedCleaver, Cathleen A.Cyberchaos Not First Amendments Promise.http//www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/cda/cleaver-cyberchaos.htmlCurrent Internet Censorship Efforts. Online. Available www.epic.org/freespeech/censorship. 3 April 2001. Dibbel, Julian. Muzzling the Internet. Time 18 December, 1995 75. Hentoff , Frances. "Indecent Proposal." Entertainment Weekly 31 March, 1995. Legal Definition of Obscenity/Pornography. Online. Available http//censorware.net/essays/obscene_jt.html. 23 March 2001. Levy, Steven. U.S. v. the Internet. Newsweek 31 March 1997 77-79. Miller, Michael. "Cybersex Shock." PC Magazine 10 Oct. 1995 75-76. Parental Control Ware. Newsweek 12 February 1996 12. Rheingold, Howard. Rheingolds tomorrow Why Censoring Cyberspace is Dangerous & Futile. Online. Available http//www.well.com/user/hlr/tomorrow/tomorrowcensor.html. Tyre, Jim. Sex, Lies, and Censorware.

Johann Sebastian Bach Essay -- essays research papers fc

Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musically gifted family and was wedded to music throughput his childhood and adult years. He was taught by his father and later by his brother Johann Christoph, and was a boy soprano in Luneberg. His education was acquired largely through independent studies. In 1703 he became a violinist in the private orchestra of the prince of Weimar but left within a year to become an organist at Arnstadt.Bach went to Muhlhausen as an organist in 1707. There he married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach together they had seven children. In 1708 he was made beg organist and chamber musician at Weimar, and in 1714 he became concertmaster.In 1720 Bachs wife died, and in 1721 he married Anna Magdalena Wulken, a woman of goodish musical cultivation they had 13 children. In 1723 he took the important post of music director of the church of St. Thomas, Leipzig, and of its choir school he remained in Leipzig until his death.In all his positions as choir director, Ba ch composed religious cantatas a total of some 300, of which nearly 200 are in existence. Actually I think my church may fetch used one or more Bachs cantatas recently. There are in any case over 30 secular cantatas. The bulk of his work is religious he made four-part settings of 371 Lutheran chorales, also using many of them as the bases of organ preludes and choral works. He also composed an astonishing number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his students. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony, place two melodies together unexpectedly, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues.At Kothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard works the chromatic Fantasy and Fugue the English Suites the French Suites the Two-Part and Three-Part Inventions, written to teach his son Wilhelm Friedemann and Book I of the celebrated Well-Tempered Clavier. He also wrote several unaccompanied violin sonatas and cello suites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognized as the best concerti grossi ever composed.The St. John Passion was performed (1723) at Leipzig when Bach was a candidate for musical director at St. Thomas. His Magnificat was presented before long after he assumed that post. Many more of his superb religious compositions followed the ... ...ually taking on speed. She quietly whispers her secrets to the flowers and they blossom excitedly as if begging to understand more. Mother Nature blows a kiss to her charges and the breeze from that kiss flows like water through the trees, flowers, and grass to spread the spring across the land. Again it is a beautiful piece, and one that will bring piece and serenity, and even a springtime beauty to almost anyones home.In listening to these pieces I have decided to listen intently to more of Bachs music. I never thought of Bach as anything more than a composer that I was red ink t o have to learn about until now. His music touches me and even brings a smile to my face when I hear it. I now know the composer that will softly lull my children to sleep at night when they have trouble sleeping. I even listen to Bach in the morning, as his music gives a calm, and someway more beautiful start to my day.Works Citedhttp//reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/B/Bach-JS.htmlJohann Sebastian Bach Reference Music History, Composers, And Performers, Biographies 3/15/04

The Arctic Tundra :: Antarctica Nature Wildlife Environmental Essays

The opposite TundraThe Tundra is located in the Yankee regions of North America, Europe, Asia, aswell as a few regions of Antarctica. The Tundra is the flash largest vegetationzone in Canada. It can be divided clearly into tether different sections the spicy Arctic Tundra, the Low Arctic Tundra and the Alpine Tundra. The last mentionedAlpine Tundra occurs in higher altitudes such as mountains whereas the first two atomic number 18 chief(prenominal)ly based in plains and lowlands of some kind. The Low Arctic Tundra isthe transmittance point to the north. It is located above Canadas Boreal forestsand is followed by the High Arctic Tundra. The High Arctic Tundra is locatedfarther north and encompasses the Arctic circle as well as most of the westernNorthwest Territories. Generally though since temper more or slight correspondsto vegetation zones, the Tundra is located in Arctic climate areas.TemperatureThe Tundra suffers a very harsh climate. Because of this fact most of the ar ea system barren save for a few shrubs and lichens. Its winters last from 8-10months and the summers are self-possessed and short. Also due to the fact that much ofits territory is located within the Yankee pole a lot of the Tundra receivesalternating 6 month periods of enlighten and dark. This is also the reason wherefore theTundra receives cold weather at its degree of analogue the suns rays end uphitting the region obliquely, thus causing less solar heat. Here are thetemperatures of the Tundra in generalAverage January temperature -32.1 degrees CelsiusAverage July temperature +4.1 degrees CelsiusTemperature stretch 36.2 degrees CelsiusAverage annual temperature -17 degrees CelsiusLowest temperature recorded -52.5 degrees CelsiusHighest temperature recorded +18.3 degrees CelsiusAfter seeing these temperatures you can see the reason why barely anyone livesup there and why there is rather little natural vegetation.Seasons And Moisture ContentThe main seasons of the Tundra are summer and winter. The winter provide last 8 to10 months followed by the short and much less cold summer. During the summersome turn away areas of the Tundra will defrost at which point most of the flora andfauna will start to creep issue of hiding. The few summer months are utilize by manyanimals such as the polar bear, to mate and to prepare for the once againoncoming winter. During the winter months most everything remains frozen. Manyof the animals reincarnate south for the winter whereas some stay behind or even theme together for ritual group suicide (lemmings).There is little over-confidence all year long in the Tundra. The average yearlytotal is 136 mm, out of which 83.The Arctic Tundra Antarctica Nature Wildlife Environmental EssaysThe Arctic TundraThe Tundra is located in the northern regions of North America, Europe, Asia, aswell as a few regions of Antarctica. The Tundra is the second largest vegetationzone in Canada. It can be divided clearly into three diffe rent sections theHigh Arctic Tundra, the Low Arctic Tundra and the Alpine Tundra. The latterAlpine Tundra occurs in higher altitudes such as mountains whereas the first twoare mainly based in plains and lowlands of some kind. The Low Arctic Tundra isthe transmission point to the north. It is located above Canadas Boreal forestsand is followed by the High Arctic Tundra. The High Arctic Tundra is locatedfarther north and encompasses the Arctic circle as well as most of the westernNorthwest Territories. Generally though since climate more or less correspondsto vegetation zones, the Tundra is located in Arctic climate areas.TemperatureThe Tundra suffers a very harsh climate. Because of this fact most of the arearemains barren save for a few shrubs and lichens. Its winters last from 8-10months and the summers are cool and short. Also due to the fact that much ofits territory is located within the northern pole a lot of the Tundra receivesalternating 6 month periods of light and dark. Thi s is also the reason why theTundra receives cold weather at its degree of latitude the suns rays end uphitting the region obliquely, thus causing less solar heat. Here are thetemperatures of the Tundra in generalAverage January temperature -32.1 degrees CelsiusAverage July temperature +4.1 degrees CelsiusTemperature range 36.2 degrees CelsiusAverage annual temperature -17 degrees CelsiusLowest temperature recorded -52.5 degrees CelsiusHighest temperature recorded +18.3 degrees CelsiusAfter seeing these temperatures you can see the reason why barely anyone livesup there and why there is rather little natural vegetation.Seasons And Moisture ContentThe main seasons of the Tundra are summer and winter. The winter will last 8 to10 months followed by the short and much less cold summer. During the summersome lower areas of the Tundra will defrost at which point most of the flora andfauna will start to creep out of hiding. The few summer months are used by manyanimals such as the polar bea r, to mate and to prepare for the once againoncoming winter. During the winter months most everything remains frozen. Manyof the animals migrate south for the winter whereas some stay behind or evengroup together for ritual group suicide (lemmings).There is little precipitation all year long in the Tundra. The average yearlytotal is 136 mm, out of which 83.

Gender :: essays research papers

The Mens Right Movement Male is Not a Four-Letter volumeJack Kammers article seeks to point out that negative aspects have stemmed from the growing womens liberation movement. This article does a good calling bringing to light the anti-male feelings that are sometimes associated with the word feminism. However, it does not really have a concrete basis that supports this authors opinions. Kammers article does share one concept common among some of the other critiques I have read on this man vs. women phenomenon. That is, without a factual base they escape to sound like simple complaints. I feel that articles such as these tend to take attention off of real problems that are embedded in our gild. They also lead other reader to perceive the whole subject as a joke rather than a social science pursuit solutions to real problems. Kammer does take the time to include some statistics on the many ways a mans life is worse than that of a women, scarcely these cigarette be quickly thr own out. For example, women have typically not been allowed to work in death professions. I am sure that as our society grows everyone will have an equal chance at these wonderful jobs. I found it appalling that he even objected to differential treatment of children in hostage situations. I have shared some of the same feelings that Kramer describes, but I tend to ignore those as just differences of opinion or an ignorant mortal speaking to quickly. His use of the media portraying men as secret admirer and blood brother to the gang rapist is useless. The media will do anything to sell their product. That is something we can all agree on. We as a society are the police force that must control the media. Refuse to buy their product and they will change. I agree with Krammer in that many feminists tend to focus on mens shortcomings as a way to further their cause. He does go a little far in using comics as an example of zapping our cultures male energy. This is a large problem that i s detrimental to a constituent of arguments present today. (Look at the elections.) Rather than seeking a solution that will bring one side up to meet the other these people take to to bash the other side down.

food :: essays research papers

FoodMy family and I are absolute meat lovers from poultry, fish, beef, and even an occasional pork diet. in spite of the unhealthiness pork might cause theres no discrimination when it comes to satisfying my familys appetite. About the time when I was a early days boy my mother would do her best to include vegetables in our meals. We hand a small, but very diverse garden in our backyard. They were the healthiest collard greens, bell and bouncy peppers you would ever notice. These greens would wave uniform trees in the spring winds that flew across southeast Texas. The green and red bell peppers were in comparison to a transaction light but without the caution.Once the afternoon arrived, I took that as an early hint that my house was going to start warming up, from the action taking define in the kitchen. I knew instantly that the air would be filled with an aroma that only my mom knew exactly. After the curiosity reached its peek, whatever was in the oven or on the stove would start to take its form. No matter what was being cooked, meatloaf steaks, chili with hot peppers, or catfish my mother would watch over the kitchen like she was the secret service guarding the president of the United States. Meat preparation would always seem to take a long while. I can remember sometimes the smell of chicken being fried stuck on your clothes. Or the smell of bar-b-q roaming down the block just to make its way up my nose. I would rent my friends do you smell that and they would reply strongly, No, like I was having dreams or been in the sun too long. Although Im a carnivore, and to me meat is essential in my lifestyle, having balance with my meals played a significant role in my development. As you get older one person can see the value ingest vegetables and other sources of nutritious foods have. My absolute favorite was greens and others related to it. It was something about those steamy greens that made them almost perfect. What gave them there wonderful smell was the particular amount of pepper and sometimes, for instance, if you were to look into and study that pot of greens you can see little black specs of pepper floating around in the water as they boiled to temperature so hot it would sizzle you skin.

food :: essays research papers

FoodMy family and I are absolute meat lovers from poultry, fish, beef, and even an occasional porc diet. Despite the unhealthiness pork might cause theres no discrimination when it comes to satisfying my familys appetite. About the time when I was a young boy my draw would do her best to include vegetables in our meals. We hand a small, moreover very diverse garden in our backyard. They were the healthiest collard viridity, bell and hot pelts you would ever notice. These greens would wave like trees in the spring winds that flew across southeast Texas. The green and red bell peppers were in comparison to a traffic light but without the caution.Once the afternoon arrived, I took that as an early hint that my house was going to show up warming up, from the action taking place in the kitchen. I knew instantly that the air would be filled with an aroma that only my mom knew exactly. After the curiosity reached its peek, whatever was in the oven or on the stove would start to take i ts form. No matter what was being cooked, meatloaf steaks, chili with hot peppers, or catfish my mother would watch over the kitchen like she was the secret swear out guarding the president of the United States. Meat preparation would always seem to take a long while. I can remember sometimes the musical note of sensationalistic being fried stuck on your clothes. Or the smell of bar-b-q roaming down the block just to make its way up my nose. I would ask my friends do you smell that and they would reply strongly, No, like I was having dreams or been in the sun too long. Although Im a carnivore, and to me meat is essential in my lifestyle, having balance with my meals compete a significant role in my development. As you get older one person can see the value eating vegetables and other sources of nutritive foods have. My absolute favorite was greens and others related to it. It was something about those steamy greens that made them almost perfect. What gave them there wonderful s mell was the precise amount of pepper and sometimes, for instance, if you were to look into and study that pot of greens you can see little black specs of pepper floating around in the water as they boiled to temperature so hot it would sizzle you skin.

Come Back to the Bush Analysis Essay

The rime come back to the bush is an Australian poem written by doubting Thomas a spencer. The poem describes Australia and the Australian outback and how incomparable it is to the urban center life of London. The poem explores why the outback is unique and great and creates an image in the readers straits representing the Australian outback.The man in the poem has left his home in the outback to go live the high life in London. The verse so I brought my folks to London, and weve settled down in style, gives the expression the man is ecstatic and overjoyed living in London.Although the poem explores this particular sensation of the persona, the composer is yet to reveal the personas rough Australian outback man. This side of him has not left him and voice haunts him to come back home to the bush and the wallaby track, to the home in the clearing, the sheep and the sheering. For those who have not experienced the Australian outback the poet may be perplexing (confusing). The outbac k is very harsh and barren the Australian men who have lived in the outback are made for the desolate terrain. The outback is one like no other and has a special partnership to more who reside there. This connection has been made with the man.In the poem the voice represented is that of the man who talks about his life in London and how he is living a wonderful life in London. The man later talks about the Australian outback calling him back home. This crushes him and he is confuse with what to do next.The poem addresses the man and talks about how the man is reminded of his home country and where he belongs. The poem addresses men who have left the outback for the city life. The poem calls to men and women who are being haunted on making the life changing decision on whether to leave or stay in the outback. The man has made his decisions but his now reconsidering what to do.The poem shows the distress the man is in and how unaware he is on what to do. The situations the words ar e spoken in are helplessness, regret and confusion. The persona is regretful of the move and is helpless on making the decision on what to do next.The main argument in the poem is should the man go back home to the outback and why the man had left and weather it was the right decision to make. The reader of the poem is given the sentiment that the man is regretting his decision and the question is asked to the audience, is it alright to leave your home and who you are for money and a high life? The reader is quiet involved in the poem which is a very effective strategy used my Thomas spencer.In the poem the reader is invited to see the effect of leaving your identity behind. We as the readers see the regret in the man and his helplessness towards the decision he had made and how that decision had impacted his life. The poem is very meaning full and is interesting. It relates to many readers and is a great poem with the theme belonging embedded in the poem.

Comparison Between ‘Christabel’ from S.T.Coleridge’s Christabel and Madeline in John Keats ‘the Eve of St. Agnes’

Hameed Khan Topic Comparison between Christabel from S. T. Coleridges Christabel and Madeline in potty Keats The eve of St. Agnes Christabel from Samuel Taylor Coleridges Christabel and Madeline from John Keats The Eve of St. Agnes induce many striking similarities. Through place both poems, the ii women ar constantly referred to as pure, innocent, gener eithery respectable girls. They are praised by the other suits and by the narrators. However, both women engage in behaviour that defies their descriptions.Occasionally, this behaviour even disrupts g annihilateer roles, and the position of the girls in their respective texts in question. The topic of concern is with a particular text in question so there is a limit to what extent this topic expands. The comparison is between the two leading fe priapics of their respective texts. The similarities that I want to point out to are limited to the leading female characters only and not to the entire Poems in concern. On the basis o f the review of both the poems and a complete study of individual characters, this paper is an attempt to point to the event that Madeline in The Eve of St.Agnes shows character similarities in nature and behaviour to that of Christabel in Christabel by S. T. Coleridge. When we start analyzing the text of Christabel the first thing that we come to know about her character is that there are many instances when Christabel is set forth as good. First of all, she is constantly called lovely, or referred to as the lovely lady Christabel whom her father loves so well (Coleridge 3). Christabel is adored by her father. The narrator calls Christabel her fathers joy, his pride, So medium, so innocent, so mild (Coleridge 16).Another aspect of Christabels goodness is that she is a devout Christian. The girl is described as a youthful hermitess Who, praying always, prays in sleep (Coleridge 10). There is one instance where Christabel devoutly cried/To the Lady by her side,/Praise we the Virgi n all divine/Who hath rescued thee from thy trouble (Coleridge 6). By giving us details that Christabel is a good Christian, the referee send word assume that she is a good mortal in general. Later, after Christabel takes Geraldine binding into her room and Geraldine undresses, the narrator yells O shield her shield sweet Christabel (Coleridge 8). Christabel is apparently not allowed to look at Geraldines body, perhaps in fear of pervert her innocence. Yet the endorser sees that Christabel is not as innocent as she is portrayed. Christabels behaviour throughout the poem is far from innocent, and at terms could be called inappropriate. The reader is first introduced to Christabel as she is sneaking out of the castle. It is said that she in the midnight wood will pray (Coleridge 3). Automatically, there is something strange about her behaviour. Why would a puppylike woman who presumably has a church in her home go outside to pray?Yet the narrator says that she goes To make h er gentle vows (Coleridge 9), so she placet be doing anything too grim. As Christabel is leaving, the narrator mentions that She had dreams all yesternight/Of her own betrothed knight (Coleridge 3). Not much is said about these dreams, but they can be perceived as either innocent or suspicious. As Christabel meets Geraldine, she is afraid but welcoming to the stranger. When Geraldine seems scared, Then Christabel stretched forth her hand /And comforted fair Geraldine (Coleridge 5). Christabel comforts Geraldine and offers to take her to her house and have her father take her home.Yet Christabel stretching out her hand can also be referring to Eve stretching out her hand and taking the apple from the snake. By stretching out her hand, Christabel is perhaps accepting evil and sin. Later, when Christabel is taking Geraldine home, Geraldine seems to faint. Christabel therefore with might and main/Lifted her up, a weary weight,/Over the threshold of the gate (Coleridge 5). This image of one person carrying another over a threshold and into a home is suspiciously reminiscent of a husband carrying a wife into their new life together.As Christabel is the carrier, she takes on the role of the man. Although she does not do it intentionally, Christabel is already crossing some gender boundaries. erstwhile she finally gets Geraldine inside of her room, one of the first things that Christabel does is offer her some wine O weary lady, Geraldine,/I pray you, drink this cordial wine /It is a wine of virtuous powers (Coleridge 7). What are Christabels intentions here? Is she simply being friendly, or is she perhaps hoping that she can use the alcohol to manipulate her guest? Then, Christabel undresses, sits own, And on her elbow did recline/To look at the lady Geraldine (Coleridge 8) as she undresses. This interest in watching Geraldine undress seems kind of uncharacteristic of Christabel, and in fact, that is when the narrator at once jumps in to shield Christabels inn ocent eyes. After a rather questionable evening, where it can be assumed that the two women did more than proficient sleep, Christabel awakens and Grows reprehensible and soft the smooth thin lids/Close oer her eyes and tears she sheds (Coleridge 9-10). There are many different scores for why she is crying.Perhaps it is because she knows that she has sinned, which she admits Sure I have sinnd (Coleridge 11). These sins can include carrying Geraldine back into the castle, trying to manipulate her, sleeping with her, etc. So she did perform an uncharacteristic deed, but she feels bad about it so she is crying. provided at the same time that she is crying, she seems to smile/As infants at a sudden light (Coleridge 10). The most likely explanation for this unusual conduct is that Christabel is still under Geraldines spell.As she begins to cry, the spell kicks in forcing her to smile dumbly. On the next page, Christabel hopes that her sin will stay hidden and having prayed/That H e, who on the cross did groan,/Might wash away her sins unknown (Coleridge 11). Yes she is praying for forgiveness, but she is also praying that no one finds out about what she did. Would this be considered taking responsibility for her actions? Christabel also ponders the idea that her deceased make is watching over her in Heaven. She asks What if she knew her mother near? But this she knows, in joys and woes,/For the blue sky bends over all (Coleridge 10). She is both happy and upset that her mother is watching her. She is probably worried that her mother would not approve of her actions and be ashamed by them. Christabels mother wanted her daughter to marry and have children. That was her duty as a woman of that time. Yet Christabel has just had this potentially lesbian encounter. Later, the girls go to see Sir Leoline and embellish Bracy. Bracy says that he dreamt of a dove who he called Christabel with a snake coiled around its neck.This piece of imagery has both the positiv e aspect of the girl as the dove, and the negative aspect of the dove being possessed by evil. It further adds to the confusion of the conflicting occurrences and mentions of Christabels character. This confusion centers on the collocation of the positive way the narrator describes the girl and her seemingly bad behaviour. The reader receives mixed messages, which are unfortunately not cleared up by the end of the poem. These mixed messages also occur in the poem The Eve of St.Agnes. The main female character, Madeline, is depicted as a good, innocent girl. The first detail that Keats gives the reader is that Madeline is still a virgin. The ceremony that Madeline is performing that night only applies to virgins, so the reader knows that Madeline is not experienced in matters of love making. Next, Madeline is caring and gentle towards her maid, Angela. When Madeline sees that Angela is on the stairs, With pious care,/She turned, and down the aged gossip led/To a safe level matting ( Keats 23).Yet although the girl is performing an action here, and elsewhere in the poem, she does not really speak except for about two stanzas when she is talking to Porphyro. This silence makes her seem quiet and passive. The reader is also allowed access into Madelines room, which is described in great detail A casement high and triple-archd there was, All garlanded with carven imagries Of fruits, and flowers, and bunches of knot-grass, And diamonded with panes of quaint device, Innumerable of stains and splendid dyes, As are the tiger-moths deep-damaskd wings And in the midst, mong thousand heraldries,And twilight saints, and dim emblazonings, A shielded scutcheon blushd with blood of queens and kings. (Keats 23) A persons room should somehow reflect that persons personality, and according to Madelines room, she is religious, wealthy, feminine, and loyal to her family. She basically sounds like she is everything that a girl in that time period is supposed to be. Later, as Madel ine is shown praying, she is described as a saint a splendid angel so pure a thing, so unfreeze from mortal taint (Keats 24). So Madeline, like Christabel, seems to be a rule-abiding, loyal girl.However, there are things that Madeline thinks and does that makes the reader rethink the praises sung of the girl. On one hand, Madeline is just a curious, naive girl who wishes to dream of her future husband, to have visions of delight,/And soft adorings from their loves Hoodwinkd with faery fancy (Keats 19). On the other hand, she hopes to dream of more than that Full of this whim her heart was otherwhere/She sighd for Agness dreams Anxious her lips, her breathing quick and short And all the bliss to be (Keats 19). What kind of dreams is Madeline hoping to have?In the cancelled stanza that Keats was forced to take out, he describes these dreams as consisting of More pleasures followd in a dizzy stream (Keats). That is in fact how Madelines night ends up turning out, as it is implied that her and Porphyro have sex. But the reader cannot be sure exactly what happens and how it happens. The details are so vague, that it is puzzling as to who initiated it, if there was consent, and if the act even did happen. The reader does know, nevertheless, that Madeline thinks Porphyro will leave her Porphyro will leave me here to fade and pine. /CruelWhat traitor could thee hither bring? (Keats 27). By saying this, Madeline entraps Porphyro in a situation where he really has no choice but to stay with her. She even calls herself A dove hopeless and lost with sick unpruned wing (Keats 27), making herself seem helpless. She clearly is able to manipulate the situation so that Porphyro, if leaving was his intention, feels too guilty to go. She then says that she would swearword him, but my heart is lost in thine (Keats 27), which suggests that if it were not, Madeline would have cursed him. What kind of a good Christian girl would curse someone?After their interaction, the two lov ers flee the castle. Although Madeline is beset with fears (Keats 27) as she is running away with Porphyro, she still consents to go with him. This does show that she is passive and non-confrontational, but if she fully was a pure, innocent character, she would have refused to go with Porphyro and stayed with her family like she was supposed to. However, it can also be interpreted that since she lost her virginity to Porphyro, she must(prenominal) now marry him. Porphyro is therefore like a husband to her, and she must obey her husband. The messages that the author sends in this poem are mixed as well.It is constantly unclear who is controlling the situation in any given moment. In both of these poems, the two leading characters are described by the narrator as being stereotypically female. They obey the rules, they are quiet and passive, and they are lovely and gentle. It is quite a shock, to see how these girls behave often, their behaviour could even be called stereotypically ma le. They manipulate and control others, they have thoughts that young girls should not be having, and they are quite independent. But how is the reader supposed to interpret these complicated details?Perhaps the authors are trying to say that women can still be good women even if they do male things, or have male thoughts. Or maybe they are trying to say that even the most feminine girls have some male aspects, and that is completely natural. Either way, it is clear that both of these authors were progressive men who understood that gender boundaries could be quite flexible. Bibliography Coleridge, Samuel T. Christabel. 1907. Keats, John. The Eve of St. Agnes. 1885. Rosemarie Maier, The Journal of English and Germanic philology Vol. 70, No. 1 (Jan. , 1971)

Foster Children Attachment Styles

Foster Children Attachment Styles Valencia Bradford University of North Texas emailprotected com Foster Children Attachment Styles As implied by many physiologist a pincers accompaniments style is the building blocks to his or her mental development. A tike like a structure is sure to snap if there is a crack in their foundation. Foster chelargonn select the potential to stand tall or crumble due to neglect. Attachment styles tend to pull up stakes in foster children since they bounce from home to home.In this paper I will discuss the adherence styles foster children share with both their biologic and foster advances, as wholesome as the foster childs potential revealcome due to these styles. In order for children to develop both socially and emotionally prevalent there must be at least one unproblematic caregiver and this is what tends to be the problem with children in foster care. Julia T. Woods author of interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters describes bond certificate styles as patterns of caregiving that teach us who we and others are, and how to approach relationships. Woods, 2007) She also goes on to explain that the first bond is especially important because it forms the childs expectations for later relationships. Considering the fact that the top reasons for children being placed in foster care are physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, medical neglect, parental incarceration, and forsaking it is obvious why many foster children lash out. Children who were placed into foster care for these following reasons were more than than likely brought up with a fearful attachment style and if not may develop this style if placed in an abusive foster home.Fearful attachment style is defined as being polite when the caregiver in the first bond in unavailable or communicates in negative rejecting, or even abusive ways to the children. (Woods, 2007) Children who be in possession of undergone forums of rejection from their biological p arents and have suffered from physical and or sexual abuse do not always come to terms or lean to cope with their abuse. The foster children and then being to act out due to feeling unworthy of enjoy and fearful of relationships.Although the desire to build a meaningful relationship with others may be there, some foster children have learned the dangers these relationships hold and how easily they are destroyed. If the proper guidance is never found or provided foster children with this type of attachment style may grow up to become quit tormented individuals. These children as adults may act out and grow have issues with drug abuse, alcoholic beverage abuse, and even self-injurious behaviors.In an article Attachment and Adaptation of Orphans the author Pei-Yung Lane studies foster children and gives an example of an orphans outcome who bounces almost from home to home. Pei-Yung Laning calls this child orphan B and states that his issues grew the long-lasting he was in the hands of others besides his parents, His bad everything include poor school performances, poor interpersonal relations in school. And in his cousin or aunts families he was very shy and timid, always leave everybody alone. Besides, he stole in his cousins home. (Liang, 2007) Children who come from fearful attachment styles still have the potential to develop mentally healthy if introduced into a foster home where the primary caregiver is agreeable and uplifting and is later select by a family who provides the same nurturing and loving environment. In other words foster children who are introduced secure attachment styles have the potential to prosper more so than those who never receive this type of positive affection. A secure attachment style is the caregiver responds in a consistently attentive and loving way to the child. (Woods, 2007) Pei-Young lanes study states that if a child introduced to a secure attachment style before the age of 8years old they have the potential to turn a round for the best. As shown in the example with Orphan B. The most interesting thing was the original interaction patterns between orphan B and his aunt was aunt and nephew, moreover from that time on, their interaction patterns became a mother and son. Orphan B win overd from bad to well because of a unfermented attachment relations reconstructed..We propose that a new attachment relations may be reconstructed at least before age 8, in the condition of steady major caregiver who may become a new attachment figure, and when orphan formed a new attachment relations, this attachment relation can help orphan scourge their adaptive problems. (Laing , 2007) In a situation as tragic as childhood abandonment one can only hope that a child finds this positive guidance. Children who are brought up with this attachment styles grow up to be adults with healthy relationships and do not fear interactions with others and do not block others out emotionally.Adults who were raised with secure attachment styles feel comfortable with standing on their own and not depend on relationships to determine their self-worth. Last but not least Foster Children run the risk of being exposed to anxious or ambivalent attachment styles due to the constant change and instability in their life. A child who is coming from an abusive home into a loving foster home may not know how to mentally cope with this change in environment although positivite.Then you have those cases where children are orphaned due to the deaths of their caregivers and then introduced into a foster home filled with dismissiveness, abuse, and neglect. It is the inconsistency of this attachment style that causes mix-up within the child. Foster children with this attachment style tend to be untrusting of strangers and reject comfort as well as project anger towards their primary care giver. Children with avoidant attachment styles tend to avoid parents and caregivers. This avoidance often becomes especially pronounc ed after a period of absence.These children might not reject upkeep from a parent, but neither do they seek our comfort or contact. Children with an avoidant attachment show no preference between a parent and a complete stranger. (Cherry, 2010) As these children grow up they become adults who are in a sense detached due to their inconsistent upbringing. A foster child having love in one home and abuse in another can cause them to grow up to be an adults who are unintament as well as unsupportive to both friend and partners dealing with their issues.The inconstancy as a foster child causes them to be unable to express their feelings, emotions, and thoughts with others in adulthood. They do not invest much of themselves emotion into relationships and eventually get to the point where they become somewhat unphased when their relationships crumble. As you have read or may have already known attachment styles profoundly influence and greatly affect the way children both view themselves and the world around them.Foster children being no acceptations to the dominion have had to endure so many mental battles placed upon them at a such a young and influential age. From either losing a parent or dealing with abandonment and abuse, everything these children go through affects their perception of the world. From being abused in one home and loved in other adults have the power to determine what kind of adults these children will grow up to be. While many experts derided the importance of parental love and affection, Harlows experiments offered irrefutable proof that love is vital for normal childhood development.Additional experiments by Harlow revealed the long-term devastation caused by deprivation, leading to profound psychological and emotional distress and even death. This helped influence list changes in how orphanages, adoption agencies, social services groups and child care providers approached the care of children. ( Cherry, 2010 ) Although there are many at tachment styles it seems to be these three that foster children are more commonly presented with and as long as foster systems continue to improve hopefully these children will be able to all have a secure attachment style.WORK CITED BLUM DEBORAH (2002) Love at Goon Park. New York Perseus Publishing. HARLOW HARRY (1958) The Nature of Love. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685. JULIA T. WOOD(2007) KENDRA CHERRY (2010) http//psychology. about. com/od/loveandattraction/ss/attachmentstyle_5. htm PEI-YUNG LAING (2007) http//ncdr. nat. gov. tw/2icudr/2icudr_cd/PDF/7_1_5. pdf SHERRY L. ANDERS (2005) http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1475-6811. 2000. tb00023. x/abstract

Compare and Contrast on High School and College Essay

The transition from in luxuriously spirits school to college is an arduous one. Students have to shell used to being on their own and have more responsibilities than ever before. The workload is only the number 1 of many differences between being a senior in noble school and a freshman in college. Along with an increase in workload, students are also forced to learn proper quantify management skills such as how to juggle a job, school, all while maintaining a social life. The transition from a high school student to a college student begins the second they open the door into what looks like an separate world. There is no aspect of familiarity, no point of reference for students. There are no individual desks or familiar faces to give them the feeling of security that one feels going back to high school each course. The first day of high school always included some kind of icebreaker where students were forced to state their name and an interesting fact about themselves in hop es of helping other students to remember their name. In college, no one cares what ones name is or that they have 3 hamsters at home.Professors are more concerned with acquiring down to business and teaching the scheduled material on the very first day of class. Students are forced into a whirlwind of unfamiliarity and they either neglect or swim. The decision is theirs. Generally speaking, a high school student can expect to be free of homework for the first two weeks of high school. However, students do not get so lucky in college. One can expect a paper and group project, as well as a syllabus quiz to be given within the first class period. In addition to assigned papers and syllabus quizzes, it is up to students to pick out textbook readings, of 20+ pages before coming to class and to be prepared to be given a pop quiz if necessary. It is common for first stratum college students to feel lost and overwhelmed, inundated in papers and assignments, often questioning how they wil l make it through the semester. Above all, students are forced to learn how to bust manage their time. There is no more daydreaming or depending on classmates to help with in-class and take-home assignments.What used to be so easy in high school is not so easy in college. There are no more seven-hour school days planned out by guidance counselors with help from a computer program. Schedules are no longer handed out in homeroom on the first day of classes, instead it is the students job to pick the classes they want to take and come up with a perfectly crafted schedule that fits into their already busy schedule. Its up to the scholarto mold when to eat lunch, when to study, and when they can fit a job into their schedule. In college, students are given more freedom when it comes to their schedule, but it is easy to find comfort in that cookie cutter schedule that is given in high school. The real world can be a scary place for a first year college student. In sum, the transition f rom high school to college is a challenging one. It is not easy to be pushed out into the real world, completely submersed in _____. Although it may be tough at times, this transition is a crucial one in the process of growing up. The lessons learned within the first year of college are ones that can be taken and applied later on in life.

Polar Bears Warming Up to Climate Change Essay

The way the earths climate has been changing is a real hot spinning topic among scientists today. Some conceptualise it to be caused by the earths natural geothermal development and part of the normal change that the satellite should be undergoing. Others contradict these claims by saying that mans own inventions and improper use of fossil burns has been aggravating the natural thermal changes. Environmentalists further animate the general public to act towards helpering preserve earth because mans activities atomic number 18 not and lessening homophile survival and of his co-planetary habitants as well.Polar Bears Hierarchy in the Arctic Kingdom Polar sojourn intos are known to be the worlds largest land predator. (Briggs, 2003, par. 9) Adult pistillates unremarkably weigh 330 to 550 pounds but males buns be as heavy as 775 to 1500 pounds. (Polar Bears International, 2008, par. 4) Polar assoils, as screwing be shown in the Food Chain puzzle below, are on top of the victuals chain in the arctic regions and feed on ringed seals and walruses.Polar BearBeluga Ringed postage stamp Thick-Billed Murres WalrusBowheaded Whale Arctic Cod Arctic TernZooplanktonSource Assignment Discovery enlighten Lesson Plan, p. 3Phytoplankton Although homos acquire taken it upon themselves to care for their environment, manduction responsibility is not always easy. There used to be concerns between Norway and Russia, as to who should be responsible for the care of the Ursus maritimus or frigid bear since they can be found in both countries. A study made by Mette Mauritzen (2002) and her colleagues used satellite telemetry to obtain data from 105 female diametrical bears over a dozen of years and the results showed that the varied subpopulations in the different locations are all part of one continuous opposite bear population. This means that both countries need to share management responsibility for the species.Global Warming and the Arctic Many scienti sts are saying that the trustworthy state of globose heat is too fast. Some say that it result single take around 50 years before the starter in the Arctic will melt while others say it may take around carbon years. The length of time is irrelevant because the urgency of combating ball-shaped warming can in truth be seen with its predicted and already on-going personal effects. According to NASA Engineer Josefino C. Comiso (2003), his satellite observations show that the twenty year trend in situ surface temperature is eight times larger than the 100 year trend which means that the sea is warming much faster than normal. He in any case presumes that by the year 2050, the ice lying over the Continental shelf would be dis placed into the polar basin.Polar Bears and Global Warming According to an article written by Eric Chivian (2001) entitled Environment and health Species loss and ecosystem tumult the implications for human health, global climate change, stratospheric oz one depletion, and the negative results of other man-made activities threaten biodiversity, but it is the degradation, reduction and fragmentation of habitats that is the greatest threat. According to a very big study made by Andrew Derocher, Nicholas Lunn and Ian Stirling (2004) entitled Polar Bears in a Warming Climate, factors such as the change magnitude athletic field of Arctic ocean frost, decrease multiyear ice, timing of ice formation or break-up, denning, movements of the bears on the sea ice, quantity of prey, human-polar bear interactions and pollution all combine to threaten the survival of the species.Arctic Sea Ice According to the IUCN/ Species Survival Commission Polar Bear specializer Group (2002, pp. 21-35), polar bears get hold of been able to occupy sea ice habitats end-to-end the Arctic with its population estimated at 21,500 to 25,000. Arctic Sea Ice are used by polar bears to transport themselves over the water to prey on seals. Lessening the number of arctic ice would greatly affect the food resource of the species.Lessened Multiyear Ice According to a previous report by Comiso (2002b cited in Derocher, 2004) the ice cover in the Arctic is already declining at the rate of 9% every ten years which means that the ice may be all gone in just one hundred years. Since polar bears are fully dependent on their icy habitat, losing the ice can lead to their extinction.Timing of Ice Formation and its Break Up One of the basic things that will be affected by global warming would be the cycle of break-up and freezing of the annual ice in the arctic. Some scientists believe that global warming affects the cycle by making the ice break up earlier annually while delaying its freeze.In Canadas Western Hudson Bay, the annual ice break-up is observed to be occurring about 2.5 weeks earlier than 3 decades ago. (Stirling, et.al. cited in Derocher, 2004) This is primal because when the ice breaks sooner, the polar bears have shortened time to feed on seals which can greatly affect the conditions of their bodies throughout the year. Their bodies would not have been able to target enough of the fat they would need for their four-month fast. According to other studies previously done by Derocher and Stirling (1995b cited in Derocher, 2004), adult polar bears lose around .85 to .90 kilograms of body pot daily during fasts. With the abrupt breaking of ice that would end feeding period earlier and the delayed freezing, polar bears will lose their weight abnormally imputable to the longer time they need to fast.Although it may seem trivial, this has a significant effect on the pregnant polar bears. If these female pregnant polar bears assume beyond 189 kilograms of weight due to the long fasting period, chances of delivering the cub become nil.Denning Female polar bears have favorite places to den. To reaching these places, the ice cycles should be uniform to be able to help these bears reach their destinations on time. Also, with the ice melting and making the area farther to swim to, it is becoming difficult for polar bears to reach their favorite locations. There are some subspecies that do may not be particular with their den locations because they are able to den on drifting multiyear ice. These polar bears are currently able to raise the cubs well. However, with global warming affecting the multiyear ice, these bears may have to be on the floating ice longer than necessary which means more energy wasted. This can also be detrimental to the cubs which are not yet fully developed and weaponed to weather the weary conditions. If this happens, then global warming will affect the population because of the cubs that can be lost due to the conditions mentioned. For polar bear populations that pick to go back to their maternity dens, another problem that could threaten their natural activity would be that while the planet warms, the flora and fauna in the area would also be drier making these prone to fi re. Warmer dens with fire-risks are not suitable for pregnant polar bears and their cubs.Movements of Polar Bears on the Sea Ice Because of warmer sea temperatures and an maturation in sea winds due to global warming, sea ice will thin easily and this may cause this major transportation for polar bears to become unstable or drift faster. If it moves much faster, the species would need to use more energy in reaching their preferred locations. Although polar bears love to swim, using too much energy can also cause poor health and reproduction for the polar bears. Observations also note that polar bears move to land when sea ice quantity goes below half of its normal number. This could be because more energy is spent moving on top of drifting ice compared to walking on solid icy ground. A decrease in the number of sea ice drifting also lessens the opportunities to delineate for more prey.Availability of Prey A decrease in sea ice has its effects on the productivity of seals, which are the main food of polar bears. Seals rely on sea ice for their maternity activities, lessening the quantity of sea ice drifting due to global warming will also lessen the population of seals. There were observations in 1979 that warmer temperatures and rain resulted to the easy uncovering of seal pup lairs that made it thrice easier for polar bears to catch them. (Hammil and Smith, 1991 cited in Derocher, 2004) If this can become a trend wherein in warmer temperatures will cause the earlier onset of rain which will wash away the breastplate of seal pups, then, it is also possible that the population of ringed seals will decline as newborns are given less chances of survival. Polar bears rely on sea ice to be able to catch seals. Lessening the number of sea ice would also decrease its opportunities to catch the prey. Very few polar bears have been observed to have enough ability to catch its prey in open waters. The species may have more luck in getting their food when walrus or seals are hauled out on terrestrial habitats but only few individuals of the species are known to have this ability. Another aspect that of necessity to be discussed is the way the polar bears eat their prey. The adult male polar bears prefer the blubber of their prey and usually leave much of the protein behind (Stirling and McEwan, 1975 cited in Derocher, 2004) for younger polar bears who are not yet good in catching prey. With global warming altering the food sources and the way polar bears spend their energy, there will likely be less left-over food for the younger generations of cubs to eat which can decrease the population size.Human Bear Interactions So far, human and polar bear interactions have been relatively few because of the difference of habitat these species share. However, if global warming will cause the ice to melt and lessen the current quantity of food, the bears may have to wander nearer human dwellings for their own chances of survival. However, this can be fat al for both species because humans may have to get rid of the polar bear for protection or else the bear will consider the human its prey. More human interaction will also increase the polar bears exposure to pollutants which can affect its population.Remediation Program Polar bears have been under the protection of the different governments their habitats are found. There are already laws in place to ban hunting except for scientific purposes and changes in marine transportation routes to lessen the pollution that can endanger the species. However, global warming is still an issue that can be better addressed by the public. Although more and more advocates have been trying their best to cause enough consciousness about the problem of greenhouse gases, a good remediation program for the polar bears would be dependent on a good program against global warming. The greenhouse effect of global warming is said to be caused by methane and carbon dioxide which form a layer in the atmosphe re. This layer keeps the heat being produced within the earth from going out of the planet under normal atmospheric circumstances. Carbon dioxide is a natural gas humans and animals excrete when they appendage oxygen while methane is released into the atmosphere when the earth is being dug up. Polluted air from vehicles are also carbon dioxide emissions that hasten the greenhouse effect. There are other sources of global warming such as the destruction of the ozone layer due to mans use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), over population while decreasing tropical rain forests, etc. To help stunt the detrimental effects of global warming, people and governments must put aside financial gains and demerits because not only do the polar bears need to survive but man as well. There are already many programs being done by different environmentalists like the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Humane Society of the United States and International fund for Animal Welfare to help lessen the threats on polar bear survival. Global warming has already been addressed world-wide and one of the agreements that had never been fully implemented is the Kyoto Protocol. Many countries including the United States and United Kingdom have signed and agreed to the terms of the bargain wherein the member governments will bring down their carbon dioxide emissions to levels safer for humans and other creatures alike. According to the treaty, these nations would also exchange technologies that could help reverse the problems of global warming. However, the U.S. and other countries failed to implement it and continue to bypass the promises made during the planning of this pact. Therefore, I believe that remediation programs are already in place but these need the sincerity of governments, especially the ones powerful economically, to succeed. Beyond government efforts, individuals can truly help force governments to fulfill their environmental obligations by lobbying for the capital punishment of the Kyoto Protocol and other environmental issues. In 2006, Julius Kenneth Ningu and his colleagues made a report on how the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was creating negative effects on Mexicos environment. According to the report, the country had good environmental policies in place and the government was strict in implementing it until the agreement forced it into an economic crisis. In just a few years, the government had to relax on its environmental policies to enable private corporations to weather the economic crisis and for the country to be able to brook the standards of the agreement. By 2002, the costs of environmental degradation amounted to 65,934 million dollars but the expenses made to protect the environment was only 3,473 million dollars. Governments must therefore also be forced to put into place stricter laws that would protect the environment (not only of their own country but of the countries they deal with for capital growth). Lessening use of fossil fuel is a must and the public must support the new inventions being made that would help decrease the problem of global warming. Spending more funds on machines that produce cleaner air may be more expensive but worthwhile in terms of survival.Scientific Debates Polar bears are very cool in their own habitat and nave to how scientists continually debate on whether they are going towards extinction or not. Some believe that climate change will not pose substantial problems with polar bear species survival while a relevant population in the scientific community believes that the melting of the ice in these mammals habitat will threaten their world. The U.S. Senate has already debunked the idea that polar bears are going towards extinction because of reports that the polar bear population is at its highest peak as of the current years and that research already shows that the species can was able to withstand the interglacial period which was much war mer . (US Senate, 2008) purpose The survival of polar bears may not be a big issue as of the moment because it can actually be true that they can survive even worse temperatures. However, global warming is not just an issue worth noting for polar bear survival but for human existence as well. Governments must find the will to implement the laws that they already know are correct to be able to help all humans survive. It is only through the sincere will of strong and economically stable governments that a cool change can really be met.ReferencesAssignment Discovery School Lesson Plan. (n.d.). Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http//school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/pdf/biomes_wildarctic/biomes_wildarc tic.pdf.Briggs, H. (2003). Polar Bear Extinct Within 100 Years. BBC News, Science/Nature. Retrieved April 2, 2008 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2642773.stm.Chivian, E. (2001). Environment and health 7. Species loss and ecosystem disruption the implications for human health. Canadian Medical Association ledger, Vol. 164 (3). 365- 369.Comiso, J. (2003). Warming Trends in the Arctic from Clear Sky Satellite Observations. Journalof Climate, Vol. (21), pp. 3498-3510.Derocher, A., Lunn, N.J. and Stirling, I. (2004). Polar Bears in a Warming Climate. integrative and Comparative Biology 2004 44(2),163-176.IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group. (2002) In N. J. Lunn, S. Schliebe, and E. W. Born (eds.), Polar bears Proceedings of the 13th Working Meeting of the IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.Mauritzen, M., Derocher, A.E., Wiig, O., Belikov, S.E., Boltunov, A.N., Hansen, E., et.al. (2002). Using satellite telemetry to define spatial population structure in polar bears in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic. Journal of Applied environmental science 39 (1) , 7990.Ningu, J.K., Jacome, J.T., Silva Gomez, S.E. and Aviles, R.P. (2006). The Effects of North America Free Trade Agreement on Mexican Environmen tal Policy (1994-2004). American Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2(1). Pp. 5-8.Polar Bears International. (2008). About the Polar Bear. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http//www.polarbearsinternational.org/bear-facts/about-the-polar-bear/U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. (2008). U.S. Senate Report DebunksPolar Bear Extinction Fears. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http//epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Facts&ContentRecord_id=cb2faa9c-802a-23ad-4bcc-29bb94ceb993.

Comparison of English and Macedonian Adjectives

COMPARISON OF ENGLISH AND MACEDONIAN ADJECTIVES An adjective modifies a noun. It describes the quality, state or action that a noun refers to. Macedonian Adjectives are words that describe or modify an approximately other person or thing in the sentence. While in English an adjective doesnt change when the noun changes, in Macedonian an adjective should agree in sexuality and procedure with the noun.For example a) Masculine to feminine example ? (this is my little son) becomes ? (this is my little daughter) As you squeeze out see from the example above, the adjective comes before the noun and also takes the feminine form. ) Singular to plural example ? (this is my white cat) becomes . (these are my white cats). As you can see from the example above, the adjective comes before the noun and also takes the plural form.The most leafy vegetable suffixes added on the adverbs are -For masculine gender -/ (n maven) ex (small boat) -For feminine gender a ex (small house) -For neuter gender o ex (small child) -For plural ? ex (small toys) Here are some examples English AdjectivesMacedonian Adjectives green tree- a eminent building- a very old man the old red house- a very nice friend In Macedonian, Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, definiteness, and number, and they usually flummox before the noun in a sentence. The comparative and the upper side form are formed analytically adding - (po-) for comparative, and - (naj-) for superlative, to the sanctioned adjective form. If there are more than one adjectives before the noun, all of them agree in gender and number with the noun, but only the first adjective 1 et the definite articles morphemes, and the other adjectives keep their basic form. Adjectives in Macedonian usually have these endings masculine adjectives ending on consonant, on - (-ski), -/- (-ov/-ev) etc. , , feminine adjectives are formed by adding -a to the masuciline form (consonant+a, or -ska, -ev a, -ova etc. ) , , neuter adjectives are formed by adding -o to the masuciline form (consonant+o, or -sko, -evo, -ovo etc. , , plural form is same for all three genders and is formed by adding -? (-i) to the masculine form (consonant+i, -ski, ovi, evi etc. ) , , You can notice that the plural form of the adjectives ending on -ski is same as the masuline singular form. Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number and definiteness with their noun and usually appear before it. Adjectives have three degrees of comparison ( , stepenuvanje na pridavki) positive, comparative and superlative.The positive form is identical to all the aforementioned forms. The other deuce are formed regularly, by prepending the particle and the word directly before the positive to form the comparative and superlative, respectively, regardless of its comprising one or two words. Positive Comparative Superlative (heavy) (heavier) (heaviest) (long) (longer) (longest) Macedonian only has one adjec tive that has an irregular comparative .PositiveComparativeSuperlative (a lot) (more) (the most) Adjective types Possessive Adjectives his, her, its, my, our, their, and your (Whose) -Demonstrative Adjectives that, these, this, those, and what (Which? ) -Interrogative Adjectives used to ask questions examples what, which and whose. 2 -Indefinite Adjectives some common indefinite adjectives are all, any, each, every, few, many, and some. English adjectives are used in only one form they do not distinguish gender, number or case.English adjectives are used in 2 positions Attributively (before nouns) ex. They bought a beautiful house. Predicatively (after nouns) ex. Their house is beautiful. AS + ADJECTIVE + AS to compare people, places, events or things, when there is no difference, use as + adjective + as exMoscow is as cold as St. Petersburg in the winter. NOT AS + ADJECTIVE + AS Difference can also be shown by using not so/as s exMont Blanc is not as high as Mount Evere st. COMPARATIVE + THAN To compare the difference between two people, things or events. ex Mt. Everest is higher than Mt. Blanc. THE + SUPERLATIVE It shows which thing has that quality above or down the stairs the level of the others. There must be three or more to use the superlative. xMount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding er for the comparative form and est for the superlative. exMax is older than John. If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant. exbig bigger biggest With some common two-syllable adjectives we can either add -er and -est, or use more and most. xcommon cruel gentle handsome likely,narrow pleasant polite simple stupid.. Note that clever and quiet only add -er and -est. It was quieter outside. We use more for the comparative and most for the superlative of most two syllabic and all longer adjectives. exBe more careful next timeA few common adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms. goodbetterbest bad-worse-worst near-nearer-nearest -16654 old-older-oldest(elder-eldest) 3

Factors effecting Motivation Essay

* Job propitiation if break downers line line of descent satisfaction they all in allow for enjoy laping which go forth mean high look cipher is being produced. Workers will come early to regulate, they will suck up beloved at workance at work, workers will take conceit in their work, workers will take to work overtime, and would want to help the business meet its objectives and goals.If employees do not frustrate job satisfaction they will not be motivated at work and will become really lazy, will not put time and effort into the quality of the work, tar abides which be practice will not be met because employees be not enjoying themselves.* Challenge if you are in a monotonous environment you are in a day in day put routine where you have no motivation, you find your work is not contend enough. Therefore it is necessary for employees to have a challenging role within the work place. By having more challenges employees will set themselves targets, work hard- foughter more importantly they will feel the necessity to work to their best potential.* Rewards if employees are turn book bindingn rewards it will motivate them to work more harder. Rewards may be shares for the business, profit related pay, performance related pay, introduce schemes such(prenominal) as employee of the year, company cars etc.* Money money is one of the greatest factors for motivation, when pay rises are given employees tend to work much more harder. stock-still apart from money there are factors that motivate employees such as social status, recognition, responsibility, opportunity for promotion etc.* Promotion/Career development if employers offer employees knock to develop their career, it will be a great method of motivating employees, because they will want to work towards the companies goals and also will want to work up the organisational structure.* Training Having training schemes within the business is some new(prenominal) motivating factor. If e mployees feel that employers are spending time and effort on them they will feel apprehended and in return will work really hard during the training and will try there best to put the training skills in practise.THEORIES OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOURAbraham Maslow and the hierarchy of needsAbraham Maslow (1908 1970) said that all motivation comes from meeting unsatisfiedneeds.He stated that there was a ranking of needs which must be achieved in the correct order from the bottom to the top of a pyramid (see diagram below) radical physiological needs(e.g. food, water,)are at the bottom and self actualisation is at the top.The need .Which is achieved by..self-importance actualisationPersonal growth and self fulfilmentEsteemRecognitionAchievementStatus cordial needsAffection/love/friendshipSafety needsSecurityFreedom from hassle and threats physiological needsFood, water, air, rest, sexAbraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs was inaugural formulated in 1943. Maslow suggested tha t human motivation was parasitic on the desire to satisfy various levels of needs. Maslow saw these needs as being organised in a hierarchy as shown on the diagram.* Physiological needs persons first concern is to be fed, clad and house themselves and family to an acceptable standard.Insys provide this need to their employees as these base needs are met by an decent wage which allows the employees to have there physiological needs.* Safety and warrantor this includes things like job security, social security and protection from arbitrary actions of early(a)s for example superiors.Insys ensure employees are have job security, sick pay, pension schemes. If these securities are not met then they will move to jobs, which provide these securities.* Social needs these needs include the feelings of be and affection. Once low level needs are met relationship with others seem of great importance, everyone wants to be evaluate in a team, and if these needs are not met one-on-ones wil l want to move to a job which will welcome them, and will be nice to them.Insys turn over in ensuring that social needs are met such as liasing with one other, this is done in team briefings (informal), internal memos, emails. This helps the all the individual to feel as part of a team.* Esteem needs desire to self-respect and respecting others, employees need to be recognised. Employers should give respect, and employees should value the work employees produce. Also bonuses should be given to employees for their hard work.This is a part of praise. Insys induce in incentives and bonus schemes for commending employees on outstanding efforts. They suppose the team should work together, respect one another and help each other to be successful.* Self-actualisation needs this involves self-fulfilment and release of potential. There will be a need to release ones full potential. Work becomes truly satisfying only it enables the individuals to incarnate their full potential.Insys beli eve that it is really important to encourage employees to release their full potential as it will give the individual self-satisfaction and its a great asset to Insys to have multi skilled employees.Insys may not realise that the Maslow Hierarchical of needs relates to there company but when stack like myself cross reference the speculation and Insys itself you can link the theory to Insys as indicated above.Due to the current redundancy situation at Insys, it has been intimately analysed that employees who had been employed there for over a number of years feel rather demotivated due to the situation. Referring back to Maslows theory Insys can closely relate to the situation of hierarchical needs. The remaining employees at Insys were at the top of the Maslows hierarchical of needs, i.e. they were content with their jobs, felt secure. Due to the redundancies taking place the employees have know traveled down the hierarchy of needs feeling low self esteem and they have no backb one of stability within there jobs.DOUGLAS McGREGORTHEORY X AND THEORY YMcGregor believed that theater directors basic beliefs have a dominant influence on the way that organisations are run. Mangers assumptions approximately the behaviour of bulk are central to this. McGregor argues that these assumptions fall into cardinal broad categories theory X and theory Y. these findings were detailed in The human side of enterprise, first published in 1960. speculation X and theory Y describe two views of people at work and may be used to describe two opposing solicitude styles.Mc Gregor formulated two theories X and Y, which makes a number of assumptionTheory X is summarised as follows The traditional view of direction and control* The average human being has a dislike of work and they avoid there work* Due to the basic dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth-adequate effort towards the achievement of org anisational objectives.* Most public prefer to be directed they wish to avoid responsibility, and have little ambition and overall want security.A theory X management style therefore requires close, form supervision with clearly condition tasks and the threat of punishment or the promise of greater pay as motivating factors. A manager working under these assumptions will employ autocratic controls, which can invariably lead to mistrust and irritation from those they manage.In contrast, people centred employers who subscribe to the alternative Theory Y assume their employees* Like working and attempt responsibility* Do care about the objectives of their organisation* Like to be fully employed and true to their full potential* Like variety in work and are motivated by evoke tasks* Are not motivated simply by money or threatsThese categorise are to a fault broad and too extreme to be entirely useful in human resource prep and management. The workforce is an organisation, it may contain different employees who conform to both theories, or display muted elements of both. The same employees may also move between these categories over time as their working environment, expectations, and attitudes change.SUMMARY OF THEROY X AND YXYIn a realistic workplace it is very difficult to get staff which fit in theory Y. and there are individuals who do fit into theory X. Insys encourages and aims to get employees from theory X and works towards theory Y. this is done via performance reviews (Appraisals).FREDERICK HERZBERG The hygiene motivational theoryThe hygiene motivation or two factor theory resulted from enquiry with two hundred Pittsburgh engineers and accountants. These people were asked what pleases and displeases them about their jobs. From their reponses, Herzberg concluded that man has two sets of needs* Lowers level needs as an animal to avoid pain and deprivation* Higher level needs as a human being to grow psychologicallySome factors on the work place meet the first set of needs but not the second and vice verser. The first group of factors he called hygiene factors and the second motivators.Fredrick Herzberg actual his ideas in 1966. From his research he listed those factors which improve job satisfaction and those which, if improved or handled correctly, would reduce or at least(prenominal) prevent job dissatisfaction.Herzberg said that accreditedelements in a job motivate people to work harder. He called these elements SATISFIERS. They include* Achievement* Recognition* Responsibility* Advancement* Personnel growth* And the actual work itselfOther elements do not motivate people to work harder. These are called HYGIENE FACTORS. They include* open and conditions* Status in the organisation* Job security* Benefits (pensions, company cars etc)* Relationships with fellow employees* The quality of the organisations managersHerzbergs hear point was that hygiene factors do not motivate but if they are not very good then the sati sfiers will not motivate either. For example even if a job is interesting and gives a person a substantial sense of achievement it will not motivate them properly if they are not earning enough money to live in a reasonable house and cannot feed themselves and their family properly. patently all individuals differ. The personnel administrator at Insys was interviewed, her views on the theory were pay is not the only motivating factor, there are other aspects to consider such as experience of different jobs, gaining new skills and achievement. further views can differ some employees priority may be the pay, you will never get all members of the team thinking in the same manor.FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTTaylor (1856 1915) worked as a factory superintendent in a locomotive axle factory in the USA. From his studies of how people worked making axles he concluded that Employees got jobs there because they were friends or relatives of the managers, not becau se they were any good at the job Employees did not work hard because they thought it would throw some of their friends out of work Employers paid employees as little as they could get away with Employees got very few instructions on how to do their jobs so they did them badly. The amount produced and the quality of output was often poor.Taylor said that the following ideas would improve matters* Only money would motivate employees to work hard therefore they should be paid on a piecework system, i.e. each item made would earn the certain amount of money this would encourage hard work.* Properly trained managers should run organisations and supervise employees effectively with menage but fair disciplinary methods* Employees must be properly trained, through what he called scientific management to do specific tasks efficiently this was the beginning of what we today call Organisations and Methods ask or Work Study* Employees should be properly selected through tests and interviews to make sure they are right for the job Taylor was one of the first people to see the need to do this* Employees, if motivated by good pay, would work efficiently without call into question what they were required to do.Many organisations still operate Taylorism, even in rich countries, but there has vast been a recognition that employees want more from their jobs than job security and good pay. Other writers have developed more complex theories about what motivates people at work as I have explained a few of them above.Insys and other organisations do have a linkage with the motivational theories I have explained above. However they do not use all the parts of the theories. Some theories do not even gift to the organisation such as Insys. Such as Frederick Taylors view of motivational theory does not apply to Insys itself as shown above that employees want more from their jobs than job security and good pay.Some other motivational theoriesExpectancy theoryThis theory states th at an employee will only be motivated to work harder if they believe that it will lead to a reward, which they feel is worth having. The key point is that the reward does not peer the employee needs it will not motivate them very well.Equity theoryThis means that people are better motivated if they feel they are fairly treated by their bosses and on par with other employees.Goal TheorySetting employees specific goals motivates them more effectively. If the goals are achieved they get more money or promotion.Reactance TheoryThis means that people are motivated by what they think they have achieved. For example, where pay is fasten to employees performance it motivates them to work harder. Their achievement has been rewarded.

Budgetary slack Essay

Budgetary light refers to the deliberate adjustment of excess cash let onlays in expectation of future cash flow. The people involved in creating a budget intentionally underestimate the amount of revenue or overestimate the amount of expenses. For example, if a plant jitney believes that the cost of raw materials will be RM250,000 but gives a budgetary projection of RM300,000, the private instructor has reinforced in RM50,000 of slack into the budget. Budgetary slack is most common when a company uses participative budgeting. It involves the participation of a large number of employees which gives them more chances to introduce budgetary slack into the budget. They may set budget standards that are too loose and hence, easily to achieve target. There are few reasons why managers practice budgetary slack. 1) Self-interest behavior of managers.When the top management placed heavy pressure upon lower level managers who pay back budget, they create budgetary slack to make the budg et look achievable so they can head off the burden of failure. Managers want to look successful in terms of budgetary performance by creating a lower performance benchmark relative to their actual capabilities to receive favourable evaluation and reputation in the top management. Managers have incentive to overestimate project costs that builds in budgetary slack. This allows the project manager to present the finished project as coming in under-budget. If the real cost of the project turns out to be lower than the exaggerated cost projection, the manager will be perceived as existence capable to manage the project in a cost-efficient manner. 2) Information asymmetryInformation asymmetry forms a favourable condition for slack creation. Managers acquire more private instruction because they are close-set(prenominal) to the decision environment than their superiors. Managers present a distorted picture of business possibilities to their superiors and create budgetary slack by pre venting the disclosure of all the information to the top management. From the example above, the manager may obtain information that other supplier offers a lower price of raw materials and hide the information during the preparation budget.

Over the Rainbow Essay

What transforms a piece of nurture into assure?when it coiffes from a reputable artificial lakewhen it is supported by a characterwhen it is used to support or refute somethingwhen it uses transitional words and phrasesIf a hard fact or visual representation of a fact is needed, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?summarizingproviding entropyparaphrasingquotingIf you would like to emphasize a particularly authoritative source, what method of incorporating evidence should you use?summarizingparaphrasingquotingproviding entropyIf youd like to provide background information regarding a topic employ a source, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?providing dataparaphrasingquotingsummarizingIf you wanted to write a paper analyzing how John Milton uses wrangle in the epic poem Paradise Lost, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?quotingparaphrasingsummarizingproviding dataWhat do you need to do to avoid a floating recognition?rephrase each get hold of credit in your own wordsgive incident citations for each reign quotation rat sure each quotation is placed within a paragraph precede and provide setting for each quotationHow do you summarize a passage? borrowing the exact words from the sourcerestating a fragment of text from the sourceexpressing the main ideas of the passage in your own wordsrestating at least pentad facts in your own wordsWhen using a post quotation, how do you advert that the words argon not yours?quotation marksin-text citations parenthetic citationsworks cited summonWhich action should you never take when selecting quotations? choosing the fewest words neededchanging the meaning of the quotation by changing the background quoting long passages (block quotations) rarelyadjusting the sentence to fit the grammar of the quotationHow do you paraphrase a passage?expressing, in your own words, the main ideas of the passage restating, in your own words, a s ection of text from the source borrowing the exact words from the sourcerestating at least five facts in your own wordsHow does the MLA tr conclusion of citation work?brief in-text citations connected to a works cited pagebrief in-text citations connected to parenthetic citations a works citedpage connected to a list of parenthetical citations at the end parenthetical citations connected to an alphabetical list of in-text citations at the beginningIf youd like to provide background information regarding a topic using a source, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?providing dataparaphrasingquotingsummarizingWhich action should you never take when selecting quotations? choosing the fewest words neededchanging the meaning of the quotation by changing the context quoting long passages (block quotations) rarelyadjusting the sentence to fit the grammar of the quotationWhen using a direct quotation, how do you signify that the words are not yours? quotation mark sin-text citationsparenthetical citationsworks cited pageHow do you summarize a passage?borrowing the exact words from the sourcerestating a section of text from the sourceexpressing the main ideas of the passage in your own wordsrestating at least five facts in your own wordsWhat is an example of a reference marker that a source mightiness use? quotationprintWebpage numberingWhich of the pursual is an example of plagiarism?using too many in-text citationsusing the Internet to conduct researchfailing to format properly the championship of the works cited page failing to cite direct or indirect quotationsIn the MLA style, what are in-text citations called?parenthetical citationsworks cited entriesbrief sourcesantiplagiarism notesWhat do you need to do to avoid a floating quotation?rephrase each direct quotation in your own wordsgive parenthetical citations for each direct quotationmake sure each quotation is placed within a paragraphintroduce and provide context for each quotation Which statement about the ellipsis is true?I. An ellipsis indicates the neglect of a word or words.II. It is appropriate for an ellipsis to appear in any part of a sentence. ternary. A single space between the periods is necessary when using an ellipsis. I onlyII and IIII and IIII, II, and III base on the passage above, which of the following reflects the sort out use of the colon? At the beginning of his assay The Insufficiency of H isty, Stephen L. Carter establishes a description for virtue discerning what is serious and what is unseasonable acting on what you have discerned, even at personal bell and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and ruin. At the beginning of his essay The Insufficiency of Honesty, Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity, discerning what is right and what is price acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost and saying openly that you are acting onyour understanding of right and wrong. A t the beginning of his essay The Insufficiency of Honesty Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity discerning what is right and what is wrong acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong. At the beginning of his essay The Insufficiency of Honesty, Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity, discerning what is right and what is wrong acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong.Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? When I refer to integrity, I have something very particularized in mind, states Carter in his essay. It is crucial to remember that when he refers to integrity, Carter has something very specific in mind. Referring to integrity is something that is important to Carter. fit to Carter, he has something specific in tegrity in mind.Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Should states admit adolescents to be eighteen ahead obtaining a drivers license (Bipin)? Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a drivers license (Bipin)? Should states, require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a drivers license? Bipin. Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a drivers license? Bipin.Which statement about quotation marks is true?I. Quotation marks set apart short quotations.II. Typically, a direct quotation requires three quotation marks. III. Commas used to introduce short quotations appear outside the quotation marks. II onlyI and IIII and IIII and IIIBased on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct useof quotation marks? When I refer to integrity, I have something specific in mind, states Carter. Carter states that the first criterion states that integrity requires a degree of righ teous reflectiveness. acting on what you have discerned is one of the three steps of Carters definition of integrity. According to Carter, integrity includes keeping ones commitments.Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of parentheses? In his definition of integrity, (Carter) states that discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness. The essay begins with the claim that discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness. (Carter) Regarding integrity, discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness (Carter). (Carter) writes, Discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness.Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Why do parents underestimate the significance of report in ones ledger Hartwig asks? Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in ones journal, Hartwig asks? Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in ones journal? Hartwig asks. Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in ones journal? Hartwig asks.Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Reading from a book each dark before lie with, match to Jang, encourages the brain to remember the text. Reading from a book each night before bed, according to Jang, encourages the brain to remember the text. . . . Reading from a book each night before bed according to Jang encourages the brain to remember the text? Reading from a book each night before bed (according to Jang) encourages the brain to remember the text.Which statement about parentheses is true?I. Parentheses often appear at the end of the sentence.II. Citations for a direct quotation need to be set apart by parentheses. III. Periods always come afterward the parentheses.I onlyI and IIII and IIII, II, and IIIBased on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? When I refer to integrity, I have something very specific in mind, states Carter in his essay. It is important to remember that when he refers to integrity, Carter has something very specific in mind. Referring to integrity is something that is important to Carter. According to Carter, he has something specific integrity in mind.Which statement about the ellipsis is true?I. An ellipsis indicates the omission of a word or words.II. It is appropriate for an ellipsis to appear in any part of a sentence. III. A single space between the periods is necessary when using an ellipsis. I onlyII and IIII and IIII, II, and IIIWhich statement about parentheses is true?I. Parentheses often appear at the end of the sentence.II. Citations for a direct quotation need to be set apart by parenthes es. III. Periods always come after the parentheses.I onlyI and IIII and IIII, II, and III

Taxi Driver

In the American film classic, travel Driver directed by Martin Scorcese, Travis Bickles personality and point of popular opinion of humanity are heavily twisted. His dissociation with the norm and constitutional rational states of mind depict the life of a deranged, depraved, and lonely Vietnam veteran. His terrible tender skills are an apparent sign of mental illness and continue to drive Travis into deeper levels of solidarity. This loneliness gradually fuels Travis into lifespan a miser equal to(p) and misanthropic life. Traviss social cumbersomeness inevitably leads to his isolation and distorted perception of himself and the stay on of high society.The film opens with Travis being interview and accepting the occupation as a taxi driver. He explains his willingness to pee-pee lots of extra hours and preference for night shifts is due to his unfitness to sleep. It is revealed then that Travis suffers from insomnia. Although Insomnia is a serious disease, Travis seems s mug and shows no interest in curing himself. Even in the first scene of the film, it is already unfastened that Travis suffers from at least one mental disorder yet has no aspirations to improve himself.Upon getting the job and exiting his place of work, he proceeds to pull out a flask of what is perceived to be intoxicant and starts drinking it in the clear of day on the street. He displays no inclination that his actions are non the acceptable social norm. After a long twelve hour shift, Travis reflects on how the city of Manhattan has come a dump for degenerate punks and sells. He perceives the New York nightlife he caters to and drives around as garbage polluting his town. He himself then enters a dirty porn theater once hes off-duty.He does non see the similarities between himself and the other pervs and goons of New York City. He sees them as lowly scum that are responsible for the dirtiness of the city, notwithstanding though he is apart of the same dreary world he d espises. The constant encounters with lowlifes and trash constrains Traviss view of the city as a terrible and mediocre place, while he forgets about how during the daytime the streets of Manhattan are some(prenominal) different. His plainly evidence to judge the city is through the brief interactions and chats between himself and his patrons.And with intimately of them being drunks and criminals, Travis is left(a) with a distrustful and negative view of what the inhabitants of the city where he lives. He is unaccompanied and single has himself to create assumption of what reality really is, and unfortunately with his mental illnesses he is in dyer need of soulfulness to manoeuvre him towards reality. Yet when Travis attempts to find someone who can give him companionship and help him, his lack of social skills only push people farther away. When purchasing his ticket for the porn theater, Travis tries to initiate a relatively prevalent conversation with the young woman at the concessions.She shows obvious disgust towards Travis but with this unbeknownst to him he continues the conversation and presses her for her name. Upon failing, he enters the theater but doesnt seem to understand why she was so resistant to introduce herself. His in aptitude to pick up on social cues only confuses Travis and separates him compensate more from social interaction. Travis then sits alone in the theater with the various purchased candies sleep deprived and further drifts into his own little world. Even the descent with his family has been severed because of Travis purposely lying to family through the mail.He has been telling them for what is assumed many years that he has been healthy and fine but is now working for the federal government and is unable to give them his real property address. These blatant lies prove Traviss reality is not like our own and also shows how his mental illnesses have successfully removed him from a sane state of mind. Traviss doo med future of complete and utter insanity is surprisingly sidetracked when he sees Betsy for the first time. At his first site of her he describes her begin an angel, the purest of beings among the dirt and scum of the city.He envisions her as angelic perfection and of course, due to his lacking social skills begins spying on her from his cab for a follow of weeks to the point that Betsy actually notices his stalking. Though eventually Travis gets the stregnth to ask her out. He dresses noticeably nicer than usual and appears to act as normal as he physically can. Betsys first impression of Travis is seen with much curiosity. He interests her because of his odd and perverted demeanor and agrees to go out for coffee with him. Travis successfully return keys her out for coffee without any problems of showing his ineptitude in social situation.Following their coffee date, Traviss decides to final payment Betsy to a movie. His relationship with Betsy ends with him bringing her to a film at one of the porn theaters he frequents instead of a fix cinema. The choice of venue disgusts Betsy and leaves her in discourtesy for Travis. And after several attempts to win her back with gifts and hundreds of phone calls Travis justifies himself by concluding she is not the angel he envisioned earlier but really just like all the other dirt hes meet by. He had destroyed the only relationship he had in the world because he was not able to seduce what was socially acceptable.Though Travis was quick to write Betsy off as just another scum of the city, his arouse and disappointment towards grow increasingly more visible. Before his fling with Betsy he had only been a occult and seemingly content with his life. He was fine with how he lived and saw nothing wrong with his skewed view of reality. But after his final confrontation with Betsy at her place of work, he exhibits a new qualities of force out and almost throws a punch at one of Betsys co-workers. Traviss spark of violence is implodes when he has a passenger which forever changes his psyche.The passenger directs Travis to park across the street from a specific apartment building. At the weight they parked the man witnesses his wife through the window of another mans apartment. As Travis listens from the drivers seat, he hears the furious mans maladroitness of how he will make his wife pay for cheating on him. The mans violent and graphic particularisation of his of he is going to murder his wife and her lover affects Travis in very powerful ways. Traviss lack of interaction with people leaves him vulnerable and very impressionable. The encounter he has with the patron is more interaction than he has had since his fragmentize up with Betsy.Even with Travis remaining on the whole silent through the event he is detrimentally changed. He irrationally takes the mans horrific description as a sign of determination and strength. He almost seems to admire the mans ability to take control of th e situation and do what he believes is fair and just. Even while the man continually says You must think Im pretty sick Travis seems to be already patternning his own similar plan on doing his own vigilante law enforcement. Following that night, Travis concludes he is destined to do justice and new the dirt off the streets himself.Just as the passenger had planned to do, he believed to do what is right you must take matters into your own hands. Travis sees this as an opportunity to get rid of the scum polluting his city and to prove to himself that he is someone who has made in impact. This is the ultimate breaking point for Travis. He seems to have cut any strands he had with reality and is only viewing the world as his own playground for justice. He immediately begins ever- changing his life style. He begins daily regiments of exercise and weight training. He starts to drink and eat healthier and no longer drinks alcohol or consumes medications.He also trains his body for combat and pushes his body and mind to new limits, even sticking his hand into scolding flames to learn pain suppression. His obsession with his body and mind makes Travis an empty canister of dangerous ideas. These new life choices all occur at the same time he buys quartet guns from an illegal dealer. He tells the man he is going to change his life and eagerly practices using his weapons upon acquire them while pointing them at innocent civilians in the street below the building he is in. This makes Travis even more dangerous and likely to be violent.His perception of right and wrong are invisible and his objectives seem to illogical, irrational, and completely insane. These objectives culminate into him becoming hell-bent on making the dirt of his home pay and feels it is time for him to rightfully make a difference. His course of action to change the city for good fixates onto Iris. Iris is an underage prostitute which Travis had only came in brief contact with before deciding she would be his damsel in hurt. He begins his quest to save her from the slums she is living in and get her back to a safe regular life that he feels she deserves.He is obsessed with making an impact in Iriss life and by doing so fulfilling what he believes is his purpose in life. It is clear at this point that Travis no longer has any concept of reality or even the law. He has no fear of the outcome of his actions and then decides to assassinate Palantine, a leading(p) presidential candidate whom is also Betsys boss. These actions are what Travis sees as his last stand against the world and all of its evils and problems. fit(p) to make a difference he arrives at the rally Palantine is having and readies himself knowing he will most likely die.Confident he will die during the attempt, he leaves a letter with 500 dollars in it explaining he is probably dead by the time she reads the letter. He has lost all rationality and has no instant thoughts on staying alive. He has no connectio n with the world yet he is focused on changing it. Fortunately, his assassination attempt fails and Travis flees from secret service. Surprised to still be alive, Travis goes to the apartment which Iris and her pimp, Sport, use for her services. gloss over armed to the teeth, he quickly kills Sport while he is guarding the entrance to where Iris is.A gun advertize ensues resulting in Travis being shot multiple times but killing the others involved. He sees scared and disquietude Iris and feels he has done his job successfully. The belief that he succeeded conveys that Travis has completely extroverted himself from normalcy and has no longer has a sane thought in his mind. Once completing his objective he tries to cast suicide multiple times but fails because of his guns are empty and he has ran out of locoweeds. Now that he is fulfilled his duty he feels useless and accepts his fate to die.As he sits and bleeds out through his many bullet holes the police arrive only to find hi m miming a gun and shooting himself in the head. The police take him and he remarkably survives though goes into a coma for many months. Upon finally waking up he sees that he has been proclaimed a hero by the city for killing off the multiple criminals he had shot. Traviss actions had been viewed substantiatingly by the public who saw him as a symbol for morals and a shape citizen. His attempt to kill Palantine was unknown and his plans that were driven by insanity were seen as acts of bravery.Only when Travis was completely distanced and separated from society by his mental illness do they recognize him. And ironically recognize him in a positive way not realizing that he is truly needs help and psychological examination. Traviss dive into psychosis was a collaboration of mental illness which he could no longer subdue. Each one triggering a stronger and powerful chemical reaction which led him into the depths of solitude and isolation. He was without social stimulation for exte nsive periods of time and his lack of interaction with others only led to his psychological demise.Not many people came into contact with Travis but when they did they impacted him in very extreme ways. These interactions led to Travis making decisive actions and decision which forced him out of control. He was tragdically without help and unable to even ask for some because he didnt even realize there was anything wrong with himself in the first place. His mental problems created a young man who spiraled out of control without the ability to stop and understand his problems. His escalations led to him not only not able to see reality correctly but also not realize he needed help and was suffering from multiple mental illnesses.